The most common urological diseases in children are congenital malformations of genitourinary system occurring in the area of: upper (ureters, kidneys) and lower urinary tract (urethra, bladder) and bacterial infections. In case of some ailments it is possible to use conservative treatment – that is, proper hygiene and administration of some drugs, however, can only be cured with surgery. The most common urological diseases in toddlers are:

• cryptorchidism,
• hypospadias,
• phimosis,
• hydrocele of the testicles or seminal cord,
• sticking the foreskin and inflammation associated with it,
• hypospadias,
• urolithiasis,
• varicose veins of the spermatic cord,
• regurgitation of urine (vesicoureteral reflux),
• bedwetting and daytime wetting.

The observation of the child and the quick reaction of parents to health irregularities are especially important. The indications for an urgent visit to the doctor are such ailments as:

• redness and/or swelling of the foreskin
• and enlargement or pain of the scrotum or testicles.

A urinary tract infection can be difficult to diagnose because symptoms may be uncharacteristic and located outside the urinary tract – especially in infants. Symptoms accompanying the infections in infants may include vomiting, diarrhea, restlessness, fever, jaundice, lack of appetite.

On the other hand, in the case of older children, urine leakage may occur, pollakiuria and / or abdominal pain in the suprapubic region, painful urination, a feeling of bladder urgency.
In the case of a child who has a fever for unexplained reasons, it is always worth having a general urine examination and urine culture.

Undiagnosed and untreated disorders or untreated infections can lead to damage and kidney failure. Therefore, if you notice any problem with the urinary system you should visit a pediatric urologist as soon as possible, who will carry out professional diagnostics (interview with the parent, physical, imaging and laboratory tests).

Physical examinations include:

• Goldfam’s symptom study (pain in the lumbar region when shaking),
• viewing the external genitalia (with the removal of the foreskin),
• examination of the testicles.

Imaging tests include:

• general picture – X-ray of the abdominal cavity,
• Ultrasound of the urinary tract and measurement of the residual urine volume after urination.

Laboratory tests:

• general urine test to confirm or rule out infections,
• urine culture – identifies the bacteria causing the infection.

It is worth remembering: the guarantee of a cure is, above all, a prompt medical intervention!